Artin Luther King, Jr., was a great man who worked for racial equality and __civil rights____ in the USA. He was ______born_____ on January 15, 1929, in ____Atlanta_
____, Georgia. Both his __father___ and grandfather were ____ministers______. His mother was a schoolteacher who taught him how to _____read______ before he went to school. Young Martin was an excellent ___student___ in school.
After graduating from _____college_________ and getting married, Dr. King became a minister and moved to ___Alabama_____. During the 1950's, Dr. King became active in the movement for civil rights. He participated in the Montgomery, Alabama, bus _____boycott____ and many other peaceful demonstrations that protested the unfair treatment of ___African-Americans__. He won the ____Nobel____ Peace Prize in 1964.

Dr. King was _assassinated ____ on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, ___Tennessee______. Commemorating the life of a tremendously important leader, we celebrate Martin Luther King Day each year in ___January____, the month of his birth.

Atlanta father read boycott college

Nobel civil rights assassinated January ministers

student Alabama Tennessee born African-Americans

Barack Hussein Obama

•   life turning point: Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he served as president of the Harvard Law Review.

• In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race.
•  He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, running unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 2000.

achivement turning point:

•  He began his presidential campaign in 2007 and, after a close primary campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton in 2008, he won sufficient delegates in the Democratic Party primaries to receive the presidential nomination. He then defeated Republican nominee John McCain in the general election, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months after his inauguration, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

•  After a close primary campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton in 2008, he won sufficient delegates in the Democratic Party primaries to receive the presidential nomination.

• Obama was reelected president in November 2012, defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney, and was sworn in for a second term on January 20, 2013.

Short Biography Nelson Mandela

turning point: 

• When his father died, Mandela and was groomed for becoming chief of his local tribe.
• Whilst at university Nelson Mandela became increasingly aware of the unjust nature of South African Society. 
•  In 1944 Mandela helped found the ANC Youth League, whose Programme of Action was adopted by the ANC in 1949.
• However in 1960 the Sharpeville massacre of 63 black South African’s changed the whole political climate.
• However by 1962 Mandela had been arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in the notorious Robben Island prison. 
• Although negotiations were painfully slow and difficult, they eventually led to Mandela’s release in 1990. 

achievements: 

• In 1952 Mandela and Tambo opened the first Black Law firm in South Africa. 
• However on 10 May 1994 Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the first democratically elected State President of South Africa on and was President until June 1999.
• His advocacy of reconciliation led to international acclaim and importantly the trust of the White African population.
• In 1993 Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prizejointly with F.W. De Klerk.

Timeline

Fred Hollows

• 1929- was born in New Zealand.
• 1960- got a job in Australia.
• 1965- was head of the Eye Department at a Sydney hospital.
• 1970- helped launch a national program to attack eye disease in Aboriginal Australians.
• 1973- his team traveled all over outback Australia.
• 1980- was travelling all over the world to help set up eye health programs in developing countries.
• 1989- knew he wouldn't live to see all his ideas happen.
• 1993- died at home surrounded by his friends, his wife Gabi and their five children. 

Timeline

Sir Douglas Nicholls (Pastor)
• 1906- born in NSW
• 1913- saw his 16 years old sister Hilda forcibly taken from his family by the police.
• 1919- worked with his uncle as a tar boy and general hand on the sheepstations, and he live with the shearers.
• 1927-  played before a crowed of 9000 people and was a huge success.
• 1928- won the Waranknabeal Gift.
• 1929- was a member of premiership team and played the club for 5 years.
• 1932- joined Fitzroy.
• 1935- was the first Aboriginal player to be selected to play for the Victorian Inter-state team.
• 1939- was forced to retired because of his injury knee.
• 1940- was back at Northcote as a non-playing coach.
• 1941- received his call up notice and joined the 29th Battalion.
• 1942- was released from his unit to assist with problems in the Fitzroy Aboriginal Community. 
• 1957- became a field officer for the Aboriginal Advancement  League.
• 1962- was chosen by the Father's day Council of Australian as Victoria's Father of the year.
• 1968- received an Order of  British Empire award and became a member of  the new Ministry  
of  Aboriginal Affairs in Victoria.
• 1972- became the first Aboriginal person to be knighted and his wife Gladys traveled to London to received honour.
• 1976- appointed as 28th Government of South Australia.
• 1977- suffered severe stroke and was forced to retired.
 

Top of the class
Notes:
Australia will need the greatest number of primary teachers in the education sector.
The data estimates the teacher will be required in 2020.
The need for high-quality primary teacher will grow as more pressure is placed on school leavers.
Year 4 teacher first worked as an outdoor education facilitator.
The reason why Year 4 teacher chose to teach primary school.










































Summary;
It reveals that the enormous of requirement of primary teacher in next decade. As far as I am concerned that will cause many pressure for the leavers because of competition. Moreover, the news tell us that year 4 teacher was the first people who worked as an outdoor education facilitator. The reason for she to teach the young children is that they give genuine joy in their experience.

Personal reflection:
I think it is a fabulous opportunity for people who want to be a primary teacher. The reason for that is people pay more attention in their study nowadays. This condition need more professional teacher to any students, year 6 students in partially. In addition, I believe this job need patience and contribution for their students.

Global warming: Australia urgently needs potent climate policies

Date

January 25, 2016

• (29)
Last month, amid great fanfare and excessive self-congratulations, the representatives of 200 nations at UN-sponsored climate change talks in Paris hailed a general agreement to curb carbon emissions. The covenant, which takes effect in 2020, is intended to limit the potential rise in average global temperatures to "well below 2 degrees" and, ideally, to less than 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels.

The obvious, but unanswered, question is how this will be done in practice, especially here in Australia, where there is neither a carbon emissions trading scheme (a market-based system) nor a punitive system for taxing big polluters.

The issue is urgent. Data published last week – by NASA and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and by Britain's Met Office in conjunction with the University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit – confirmed the average surface temperature is already 1 degree above the average temperatures recorded in the second half of the 19th century.

Last year, the average global temperature was the highest ever recorded, being 0.75 to 1 degree above the long-term average (deemed the period from 1961 to 1990) and surpassing scientists' most pessimistic forecasts of 0.52 to 0.76 degrees higher.

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The Age applauds NASA's comments on this: policymakers must take note. Now is the time to act on climate change. There can be no more pretending, and no more playing base political games.

The Abbott government raucously celebrated on the day it repealed the Gillard government's carbon tax. Its justifications were pitched around the financial impost on businesses (which, of course, was the point of the tax), the pass-on costs to households, perceived curtailment of economic growth, and the bureaucracy that evolved from the Gillard government's legislation.

The latter should have been a simple matter of the government tidying its processes and streamlining the system, rather than a rationale for scrapping the policy. The rest was ideology and false rhetoric.

In 2009, when Malcolm Turnbull was leader of the Coalition in opposition, he strongly supported a market-linked emissions-reduction scheme proposed by the Rudd government. His refusal to bow to the climate change deniers in the conservative ranks ultimately cost him the Liberal leadership. Dangerously shallow and regressive policies from the Coalition followed.

That was to the detriment of Australia, not to its good. In this election year, The Age urges the major political parties to develop comprehensive, cogent and effective policies to reduce carbon emissions. We urge them to formulate market-based emissions-reduction mechanisms, to encourage business in all sectors to dramatically cut emissions, and to facilitate broad-scale development of sustainable energy systems.

Meanwhile, the development and expansion of coal mines and coal-seam fracking ventures continues apace. Now we learn that the federal Environment Department has waived certain environment conditions for several coal mines, a move the government says is intended to reduce bureaucracy.

Coal, which fuels power stations and is an ingredient in the steel-making process, is a vital contributor to Australia's economy. Federal and state governments derive many billions of dollars from mining, through corporate taxes and royalties. And mining and mining-related activities generate thousands of jobs.

But climate change represents an unusually urgent social policy matter that must not be trumped by disingenuous arguments about economic growth, nor traded away in the back corridors of Parliament. Australia must introduce a comprehensive, potent, whole-of-nation scheme to ensure carbon emissions are slashed.

note:

• last month, the  the representatives of 200 nations at UN-sponsored climate change has a general agreementv which limit the potential rise in average global temperatures to curb carbon emissions.

• Australia is neither a carbon emissions trading scheme (a market-based system) nor a punitive system for taxing big polluters.
• There are a lot of evidences to show that the pratical temperature of global warming surpass the most pessimistic forecasts.
• The Abbott government raucously celebrated on the day it repealed the Gillard government's carbon tax.
• Australia has do a lot effort to cut the emmistions.

summery: Accoeding to many evidences of global warming, many country has this kind of sence which cut emmisions as possible as they can, include in Australia. Climate change will effect our enviornment which we are living, so some people would like to adopt some politics to prevent the emviornment of distriment.




personal reflection: I think the global warming is serious than before. we have to take action to protect our air. Try our best to stop emission of carbon. Even everybody make a little efforts, the world will make big difference to us.